Monday, July 29, 2013

Reasons for obesity: genetic factors

Since decades, the prevailing wisdom about genetic factors for obesity based on the theory: "thrifty genotype" pattern of gene Almzdhrohee that most people inherit genes that help them to store fat efficiently - Adaptive Evolutionary who helped our ancestors ancients to survive in times of distress, when they do not find prey and does not give sufficient crop fields. But in our modern environment, this is the scourge of genes rather than a blessing. With cheap food, high-calorie and available almost all the time and there is no need for hunting or harvest, people create these genes to gain more weight.

But researchers now know what contradicts this theory. On the one hand, formed by several factors genes during human evolution, such as the need for fishing, or to escape from predators, or withstand extreme temperatures, and not only the need to store fat.And more than that, that many people today can remain Nhevin despite living in an environment that promotes obesity.
The researchers have become more understanding of obesity genes. According to the 2007 report, which was published in the International Journal of Obesity, 127 Gina been linked to some different aspects of obesity, were verified 22 of them in at least five studies. Each and every one of these genes contribute to obesity by promoting one of these five characteristics:
- Representation of diet slow and low rate of burning calories.
- The tendency to increase the quantities of food, due to poor appetite control and the ability to defect sense of satiety.
- The tendency to physical inactivity.
- Defect in the ability to burn calories origin and source of fat.
- The tendency to the formation of a large number of fat cells and store high levels of fat in the body.
In a 2007 report in the journal Science, researchers describe the first gene that contributes to the common patterns of obesity, called a gene associated with fat mass and obesity (FTO). They do not know exactly what that gene is doing to the body, but the people who carry two specific models of this gene, weighing 3 kilos more and about 70% more likely to be obese compared with those who lack alternative.
However, the biology is not much: can both physical activity and diet to limit the genetic tendency to be overweight. In a study published in 2008 in the journal Archives of Internal Medicine and dealt with 704 men and women of the Amish (Amish) and who have had varying levels of physical activity (considered members of the Amish topics good for the study because they tend to be identical genetically, but avoid too modern amenities such as cars and electrical appliances, and thus are more physically active than ordinary Americans). Researchers revealed that those who carry the FTO gene from the strain and those who were less active were most likely suffer from overweight or even obese. Those who were carrying the gene were also more active - meaning they burn 900 calories more than the least effective people - did not suffer from overweight. Another study surveyed 12 different virus related to obesity among more than 20,000 people who have as their physical activity habits during the kinetic work and leisure. The researchers calculated each person sign, it comes to the relationship of genetic profiling body mass index BMI. Physical activity reduces a person's tendency to obesity Bany 40%, depending on the findings, published in PLoS Medicine in 2010.
In 2010, also, the study found evidence that the pattern of food year in the Mediterranean region - which seems an assistant to promote weight loss (see "studies for the selection of Diet for Weight Loss") - can counter the tendency genetic weight gain among persons with variation in the gene FTO. In this study - which addressed the issue of bulimia as stated in the study examined whether the style food in the Mediterranean region can prevent heart disease - the researchers found that before the start of the intervention, the people who have a certain type of gene FTO tend to be heavier of those who do not have this kind. However, after three years of follow food style adopted in the Mediterranean region, rich in olive oil, those who have this kind gain less weight than those who do not have this kind. More importantly, it appears that the impact of a specific diet to gain weight was less for your diet Mediterranean for a low-fat diet with a similar amount of calories. This is likely to nutrients can be determined expression of genetic risk for obesity. There is a field of research linked called science legacies food, which focuses on tailor diets according to the genetic characteristics of the individual, may result in additional practical suggestions in the future.

 
The power of genetic influence on weight differ very slightly from one person to another. In general, if one or both of the parents or other relatives are overweight significantly, it is very likely to suffer from obesity are more than any other person does not carry a similar family history. But this does not necessarily mean that you will suffer from obesity. Although you can not change your genes genetic, but you can control Bouapitk - which experts believe it is the guiding force for the rapid increase in obesity since the seventies.

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